A Government And A Tobacco Company - 1003 Words

I find the topic of ethics in business very interesting. The choices we make have consequences and those choices are made based on the context of the situation. I believe that we as people try to make the best choice for everyone. Therefore, I will discuss how a government and a tobacco company feel that they are justified in banning or opposing tobacco advertising in India. The government of India serves the people. When a product is produced that affects the health of the people the government is justified to take action. With Tobacco products India banned the advertising and sponsorship of sport and cultural events (IBS Center for Management Research (ICMR), 2001). Those in favor of the ban cite the French who stated that Tobacco advertising ban was to protect public health. They also, state the World Health Organization’s (WHO) death toll numbers. These numbers show that tobacco products are one of the leading causes of death in the world are continuing to grow. People who are in favor of the banning of advertising for tobacco products use a World Bank report that shows a substantial decline in smoking when ban of advertising in enacted for all forms of media. Finally, the fear of children becoming addicted to smoking has helped to support the justification to ban advertising on tobacco products. With these reasons we can understand and suppo rt a governments action to ban advertising on tobacco products. The TobaccoShow MoreRelatedThe Ban Of Tobacco Companies Essay1121 Words   |  5 PagesFebruary 26th, 2001 the Indian government announced they were going to enforce a ban regarding advertising their products in their country. The problem was that tobacco companies in India promote their products through every conceivable medium, including radio, television, newspapers, magazines, billboards and the internet. The government realized that most of these tobacco companies were adapting creative new ways to publicize their brands to young people. Some tobacco companies also decided to use indirectRead MoreIndia s Tobacco Advertising Ban1018 Words   |  5 PagesIndia s Tobacco Advertising Ban The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that worldwide, five million tobacco users die annually and estimates that one million Indians die each year prematurely from tobacco use (2015). As late at 2009, India was â€Å"the world’s second-largest consumer and third-largest producer of tobacco† (Economist, 2009, p. 5). In an attempt to reduce consumption, India introduced its first adverting ban on tobacco in 1990, followed in 2003 by the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco ProductsRead MoreBAN ON TOBACCO ADVERTISEMENT IN INDIA800 Words   |  4 PagesBAN ON TOBACCO ADVERTISEMENT IN INDIA In 2004 the government of India banned tobacco companies from advertising their products and sponsoring sports and cultural events. The objective was to discourage adolescents from consuming tobacco products as well as empower the government with the power to launch an anti tobacco program. . This issue created a serious problem in that it was both ethical and commercial, the government on one hand, believe it was its responsibility to protect the welfare ofRead MoreThe Fight Against Smoking1162 Words   |  5 PagesThe Fight Against Smoking Tobacco has been a huge part of economic success in many countries for over a century now. Tobacco use has greatly increased since its discovery in the late 1400s by the European settlers in the new world otherwise known as the United States. Tobacco companies are very aware of the health risks of cigarettes, but continue to sell them for the high amount of revenue they make off of them. Cigarettes kill millions of people around the world each year and the death tollRead MoreThe War on Tobacco1539 Words   |  7 Pages Tobacco Regulation Tobacco companies have been in a battle with anti-smokers for a while about regulating tobacco, and there has been a war between tobacco companies and anti tobacco crusaders, because of regulating tobacco and some lawsuits. For one viewpoint regulating tobacco would be a good thing to do, anti tobacco crusaders are saying that regulation of tobacco is necessary to protect public health; on the other hand the other viewpoint is say that the tobacco companies are saying â€Å"regulationRead MoreEssay Cash Crop: The Silent Killer847 Words   |  4 Pagesin humanity. Tobacco Companies’ love of money causes them to continue to promote and sell tobacco products even though these products are excessively harmful to their customers. During advertising campaigns, tobacco advertisers research people most likely to use their product and target that audience by mentioning the positives of using tobacco. Tobacco companies attempt to sell their products through carefully crafted messages accompanying every tobacco advertisement. In tobacco ads, advertisersRead MoreBan On Tobacco Advertising And The Conflict Of Interest That It Presents1126 Words   |  5 PagesBan on Tobacco Advertisement in India The discussion of advertising tobacco products is a controversial topic, there are relevant points on both sides of the argument, so it is hard to determine a true ethical decision. India’s government announced the bill banning tobacco companies from advertising their products in February 2001, their goal is to prevent adolescents from taking up smoking or any other form of tobacco products. Initiating this bill is the government answer to an ethical challengeRead MoreShould Big Tobacco Be Sued for Health Care Bills? An Analysis998 Words   |  4 Pages Should big tobacco be sued for health bill? An analysis A recent ruling by the Supreme Court of Canada on the subject of smoking is the main topic of my articles. The landmark ruling made on September 30th gives the province of British Columbia ammunition against big tobacco companies. The decision allows British Columbia to sue tobacco companies for damages related to smoking-related health care costs dating back 50 years (Bell Globalmedia Inc [BGMI], 2005). Many expect theRead MoreThe Ban On The Tobacco Industry950 Words   |  4 PagesWhen the Government of India dropped the news on the ban on the tobacco Industry, the objective of such a ban was to discourage adolescents from consuming tobacco products and also arm the Government with powers to launch an anti-Tobacco program but the ethical aspects of Government objectives was in question because the tobacco company was a major revenue earner for the government in past years. these fact of ethics situation was no news to the populace that s why a statement was madeRead MoreBan On Tobacco Advertisements By The Government Of India1444 Words   |  6 PagesBan on Tobacco Ads by the Government of India Tobacco is one of the world’s most profitable industries. The top three producers of tobacco are: China, Brazil, and India, in that order. These industries provide direct and indirect work for many people in developing countries. Thus, like any good company it wishes to expose its products to the public by investing in ads and other merchandise of its product. All companies end goal (and of course this included tobacco) is to increase the appeal and

Ladakh Road Essay - 1098 Words

Ladakh generally remains cut-off from the rest of Indian mainland during winters as these roads gets closed after the start of the winter snow in November/December and open in end May or June depending on the weather forecast. The Border Roads Organization (BRO) is responsible for operation and maintenance of these highways. Earlier, these routes used to be closed officially after October 31. However, an account of post winter opening of Leh-Ladakh Road via Rohtang pass in last five years indicate considerable change in snow fall pattern. For Manali-Srinagar-Leh axis, there are indications over last 5 years of the snow season starting late in December and continuing till end May. However, in the last winter, secondary information shows†¦show more content†¦The snow accumulation at Zojila pass is generally about 40-60 feet. Some of the captions below provide an account of snow in these regions. In 2017, BRO provided an annual snow clearance grant of INR 70 per cum for 2 lane roads in altitudes above 2400m. Considering that both these routes fall in these altitudes, and assuming on average 5 m of snow cover on two 2-lane roads (7 m wide). The cost of snow clearance operations combined for these two routes (474 km + 424 km) is around INR 2,200 Mn, besides there are additional grants for air support provided to ground staff for airlifting persons, supplying fuel and spare parts and other things by helicopter. High altitude roads in heavy snowfall areas experience a major drainage problem during spring thaw. The snow melt water flows with tremendous velocity over the pavement, causing its erosion covered on either side by snow accumulated on berms during snow clearance operations. The water released by thawing collects in the centre of the pavement and the road itself acts as a drain. At times, this running snow melt water freezes on the pavement and causes skidding. Thaw water penetrates through the potholes and crevices in the pavement. When subsequent freezing occurs, this thaw also freezes and expands causing damage to the pavement. This alternative cycle of road thawing and freezing is one of the major causes of damage to the pavement in snow bound areas. BROShow MoreRelatedWater as a Source of Future Conflict in Sa26984 Words   |  108 PagesNeomalthusians, consider on water as a basis of violent conflict. This approach was initially developed from Thomas Malthus[1] writings about the connection between population pressure and societal capacity for supporting means of livelihood in ‘An Essay on the Principle of Population’ (1798). Although not adopting such a strict view of the situation as Malthus, the Neomalthusians dwell on population growth in combination with other factors such as economic and industrial development. In concert, such

Healthcare External and Internal

Question: Create a mission and vision statement for your organization. Determine three specific strategic goals that align with the ideals in those two statements. Answer: External And Internal Factors Affecting Healthcare Organizations The present scenario for hospitals is very unpredictable, uncertain and complex. To sustain in the business of healthcare, organizations need to provide quality care to the patients, meeting their need and satisfaction. Patients satisfaction is associated with their loyalty and belief in the organization, adding up to the profitability. However, currently one of the major challenges to the healthcare system is the advent of patient protection and affordable care act- 2010 (PPACA), which further affects the internal functioning of hospitals. According to the act, hospitals and physicians will be altering their practices by demanding lesser fees and providing technologically and clinically efficient treatment for better health outcomes of patients. Thus, it has put an extra burden on these organizations to sustain their services, causing many of them to shut. Although being one of the most regulated industries, healthcare industry is getting weaker owing to this act, wherein underpayme nts to physicians has compromised the patient care. Hence, to provide quality care to the patients and remain financially solvent, strategic management has become a necessity. Internal and External Factors in Healthcare A clear understanding of antecedents to quality care can help develop a better strategy and framework for an organization to excel in medical services. Proper functioning of an organization is dependent on its productivity, profitability, and patients satisfaction. Hence, firstly it needs to identify the internal and external forces in their growth. (Templeton et. al., 2016) External factors. a) Government laws. Certain state and federal level regulations by government in favor of the patients negatively impact the healthcare organizations. The PPACA act in US has pressurized the healthcare systems to cut down the cost and increase the quality and technology of treatment. However, in small scale organizations like ours, due to lack of sufficient finance it gets difficult to implement the changes. Additionally, lowering down of primary physician fees and prescription of less costly generics as compared to innovators will ultimately affect revenue and profitability of the hospital. Thus, making it all the more complex in installation of advanced equipments and systems for patient control. The Medicares physician reimbursement further increases the burden by increasing the staffing cost to hospitals while decreasing reimbursements, thus, disturbing the balance within the organization as a result of decreasing quality of service (Fodeman, 2016). b) Availability of resources. Quality of services and profits are highly dependent on the availability of healthcare resources. Due to higher demand for advanced diagnostic equipments and effective medicines, the resources are becoming limited. Therefore, the problem of allocation of resources and funds arise, leading to insufficient infrastructure, limited access to new effective drugs and hence low quality service and patient dissatisfaction. As a consequence, it can cause poor patient reviews further leading to shutting down of the organization (Mosadeghrad, 2013). Internal factors. a) Job dissatisfaction. Changes in the regulations have led to an increase in job dissatisfaction among the physicians and nurses. Some of the factors crucial in job satisfaction are pay, management, policies in the organization, job security, promotions etc. With changes in laws, most of the healthcare providers are getting paid less in comparison to the amount of work and time they devote to patients. To maintain previous income they are forced to treat more number of patients. This, on the more is responsible for increased employee turnover in the organization. Thereby the organization to get its finance has to increase the number of beds with limited attention to the patients. Thus, the burden of this is faced by the patients, with decrease in face-time with doctors, compromised care, and quick discharges. The regressive environment of the hospital ultimately hinders the quality of care. Moreover, the promotion rules, being majorly based on the number of articles published, years in service and exams passed rather than quality of service provided and patients treated, have added to the dissatisfaction among the doctors (Scheppersa et.al., 2006). b) Physician competence and skills. Keeping all the other factors aside, for a hospital to have excellent quality of service, it is necessary to have competent physicians. Technically sound workforce, with knowledge, experience and capability is a key to success. No matter how adverse the other situations are, if a hospitals staffs and physicians are superior, patients will believe in its service. Additionally, being acquainted with recent therapies, treatments and discoveries in their field, the employees should also be well informed of the organizations culture and regulations. This necessitates the modification in the recruitment and management procedures of our organization, wherein attitude, knowledge, skills, expertise etc. of a physician should be kept forth (Mosadeghrad, 2014). Competitive strategy development. For the care and services to prosper in the organization, it is essential to develop a strategic planning that recognizes and deals with the changes in external and internal threats. But targeting these factors with a single competitive strategy is a challenge for the management. Changes in government laws, job satisfaction and resource limitation are somewhere linked to each other. However, for efficient workforce development, approaches such as training programs and stringent recruitment procedures are required. These identified factors weaken the hospitals position in the external competitive environment, questioning its managerial system. With changing government laws, it is complex to balance between the finance/funds and services of the hospital, including payment to the staffs and physicians, which leads the employees to switch their job. As a result, the organization runs short of good healthcare providers and treatments. This will further hamper the strategy building process , as lack of good and satisfied staffing will make the strategy implementation even more difficult. Additionally, the factors identified make it complex for the management to decide whether to allocate funds on physicians salary, recruitment of excellent physicians and staffs or on advanced treatment procedures and resources for achieving quality care. Therefore, an efficient strategy needs to be built for minimizing the negative impacts of these factors (Rivers and Glover, 2008). Addressing threats with strategic planning. In the recent scenario, with all the new discoveries being made in the healthcare sector and introduction of new techniques, the competition has increased. This has further strengthened the impact of the above factors. Hence, for maintaining the momentum of strategic plan and becoming resilient to changes in the healthcare sector, the organizations goals should first be made clear with focus on limited number of services. Supplementary to this, a deep study of all the threats, their possible causes and consequences along with their relational perspectives must be done. To address the currently persisting major issues the management should utilize the factory approach i.e. focusing on specific diseases such as cancer, diabetes and heart diseases. This will minimize the resource allocation problem and increase efficiency of patient treatment and quality of care. It further solves the problems of job dissatisfaction among the physicians due to low pay, as the limited number of specialists for specific diseases can be paid higher. Additionally, narrowing down the scope paves way for patient-centered treatment approach that facilitates more attention to the patients rather than less face-time. This patient-centered approach, educating the patients about their health, and providing full freedom to participate in the decision making process, will make them more comfortable and satisfied (Kim et. al., 2015). Patients satisfaction increases their loyalty for an organization and helps in improving its reputation and profitability, because when it comes to health people opt for quality rather than paying less. Conclusion Although in the current scenario, with changes in external environment the internal hospital momentum is getting disturbed. However, with the application of several analytical models, these negatively impacting forces can be analyzed. The organization must not divert from the original goal, which is patients welfare, other requirements including profitability, employee satisfaction and resources will follow that ultimately. References Fodeman, J. The new health law: bad for doctors, awful for patients. The institute for healthcare consumerism. Retrieved January 13, 2016, from https://www.theihcc.com/en/communities/policy_legislation/the-new-health-law-bad-for-doctors-awful-for-patie_gn17y01k.html Kim, H.S., Kim, Y. H., Woo, J.S., and Hyun, S. J. (2015). An analysis of organizational performance based on hospital specialization level and strategy type. PLoS One, 10(7), e0132257. Mosadeghrad, A. M. (2014). Factors affecting medical service quality. Iranian journal of public health, 43(2), 210220. Mosadeghrad, A.M., Ferdosi, M., Afshar, H., Hosseini, N.M. (2013) The impact of top management turnover on quality management implementation.Medical archives, 67, 13440. Rivers, P.A., and Glover, S. H. (2008). Health care competition, strategic mission, and patient satisfaction: research model and propositions. Journal of health organization and management, 22(6), 627641. Scheppersa, E., Dongenb, E. V., Dekkerc, J., Geertzend, J., and Dekkere, J. (2006). Potential barriers to the use of health services among ethnic minorities: a review. Family practice,23(3), 325-348. Templeton, A.R., Young, L., Bish, A., Gnich, W., Cassie, H., Treweek, S., Bonetti, D., Stirling, D., Macpherson, L., McCann, S., Clarkson, J., Ramsay, C. (2016). Patient-, organization-, and system-level barriers and facilitators to preventive oral health care: a convergent mixed-methods study in primary dental care. Implementation Science, 1(1),5.

Global Business World Economic Development

Question: Discuss about theGlobal Business for World Economic Development. Answer: Introduction: Globalisation has captured the imagination and fancy of the various businesses on a global scale as it has completely captured the marketplace. With the scope and size of globalised economy is increasing at a rapid pace, it is having implications for the various stakeholders of the society including domestic businesses. The wave of globalisation had led to rapid economic development in the third world countries. Also, it has limited the movement of goods and capital across borders and therefore enhanced the overall integration of the global economy (Weiss, 2002). In this backdrop, the given essay aims to comment on the significance of globalisation for the survival and growth of domestic businesses globally. Globalisation has led to a fundamental change in the business environment globally and has become a key force behind the survival of businesses while presenting them with a growth opportunity. In case of developed nations, globalisation has led to global access to products and services through the e-commerce route (Akram, 2011). As a result, it has becomes imperative for the domestic businesses in these countries to enhance their cost competitiveness so as to continue to survive. This is enabled through globalisation which presents lucrative outsourcing operations to cheaper destination based in Asia. Most of the non-core works are outsourced and also manufacturing operations are outsourced to third world countries in a bid to save cost (Rodrik, 2002). Further, globalisation also presents a lucrative opportunity to the domestic businesses based in developed nations as these can now expand their markets to lucrative developing nations. For most of these businesses, the domestic market is also saturated and hence the presence in huge consumer markets of Asia with rich purchasing power is an exciting opportunity to deliver sustainable returns for their shareholders. This only has led to the increasing presence of MNC (Multinational Corporations) based out of developed countries. Also, there are other businesses which set up their manufacturing bases in the developing nations and therefore leverage the local resources available (Redding, 2000). Globalisation also brings significant gains on the table for businesses based in developing nations as these nations have limited availability of capital and technology but abundant supply of labour. As a result, most of the work processes are labour dominated and therefore the productivity is comparatively lower. Over a period of time, this inefficiency starts taking a toll on the businesses and hence these are not able to survive in the long run especially as competition enhances owing to the entry of foreign firms (Hamdi, 2013). With globalisation as an enabling force, the developing nations business tend to gain access to capital and latest technology and therefore witness economic progress (Berman Machin, 2000). Further, owing to globalisation the business flow to businesses in the developing world tends to increase in the form of outsourced jobs. Besides, with the global companies shifting their manufacturing bases, a lucrative opportunity for expansion is presented to local b usinesses. Also, the local businesses can look to market their products to the western markets and hence grow their business (Hartungi, 2006). However, while globalisation is considered to a game changer but essentially it is a double edged sword as it has adverse implications also. In case of businesses based in developed countries, globalisation implies that the big companies have put in place a global supply chain based on significant outsourcing which has resulted in lowering product costs. However, for the small businesses, this is not a viable option and thus these are not able to compete with the MNCs. This is also true for developing nations where as a result of globalisation, the MNC are leading to the shutting down of small businesses (Stiglitz, 2002). Hence, on one hand globalisation leads to efficiency gains and on the other it eliminates the inefficient businesses globally (Weiss, 2002). The arguments above lead to the conclusion that there are potential negative impacts of globalisation but the positive impact on businesses tend to exceed the negative ones. Globalisation has enhanced the efficiency of various businesses globally by using that resource usage is decided in the global economy rather than national economy. In the developing world, the domestic businesses have reaped efficiency gains, rapid economic growth, export market and outsourcing contracts. In the developed world, the domestic businesses have become more cost competitive and also gained access to new and lucrative markets. In the modern world, international trade is a critical activity which enables the nations to make up for any deficiency. International trade plays an important role in ensuring that the scare resources are used in an efficient manner. The theoretical framework of international trade was laid more than couple of centuries ago in the form of theory of absolute advantage and theory of competitive advantage. These theories provided the basis for indulging in international trade and have been since modified so as to reflect the modern norms (Mankiw, 2012). In this backdrop, the essay aims to highlight the difference between these along with limitations. It is noteworthy that international trade is advocated since the various nations have differential access to factors of production and therefore their efficiency in production of goods tends to be different. The primary difference between the two theories is in the metric used for measurement of efficiency. Adam Smith gave the theory of absolute advantage, As per this, the advantage with regards to production of good is determined by the production cost and hence the nation which produces a given good at a lower cost would tend to have absolute advantage with regards to that particular good. For efficiency gains, this theory advocates that only the nation having absolute advantage must produce the good and export to the other country where it is expensive to produce the same good (Dombusch, Fischer Startz, 2012). The absolute advantage theory does have some limitations. It assumed that there would be no currency fluctuations and hence the exchange rates would continue to remain constant which does not happen in the real world. Besides, it simply ignores the transportation costs involved in export which needs to be added to the production cost before comparing with cost in the importing nation. Another, simplistic assumption in the theory is the use of labour for production of different goods with the same amount of efficiency. This would be incorrect especially in modern businesses where level of specialisation has increased only (Krugman Wells, 2012). The usage of absolute advantage theory also presents a confusing situation when a given nation possesses absolute advantage over the other nation in production of all products and therefore it is not clear as to what the importing nation should do with its resources (McConnell, Brue Flynn, 2014). The theory of comparative advantage given by Ricardo provides viable solution to the given situation. Unlike absolute advantage, Ricardo advocates that the economic efficiency in production should not be measured by the underlying production cost but by the opportunity cost incurred for production. Hence, in case of nation which manufactures all goods with absolute advantage, opportunity cost must be computed and compared with the other nation. Therefore, usually this would result that both countries tend to utilise their resources in the best possible manner and through trading reap gains (Mankiw, 2012). Even though the theory of comparative advantage is considered better than corresponding theory of absolute advantage, but it does have some flaws which has resulted in this being modified over the years. It simply ignores the transportation costs involved in export which needs to be added to the production cost before comparing with cost in the importing nation. Further, due to increase specialisation caused due to comparative advantage may lead to inefficiency in the form of diseconomies of scale (Dombusch, Fischer Startz, 2012). Besides, no consideration during the theory is given to the presence of various government restrictions in the form of various trade barriers (both tariff and non-tariff) which tend to play a critical role in modern international trade. Also, the model looks at advantage in a static manner and is not open to the possibility of alterations in the comparative advantage due to developments in factors of production (Krugman Wells, 2012). The discussion conducted above in wake of the arguments clearly indicates that the main point separating the two theories is the fact that absolute advantage is based on lower cost of production unlike comparative advantage which is derived from lower opportunity cost. These theories have limited direct utility in the modern world due to their simplistic assumptions with regards to nonexistence of transportation cost, government barriers in trade, alterations in factors of production along with currency fluctuations. Despite the above shortcomings, these two theories were pioneers in international trade theories and hence most of the modern day theories tend to derive their conceptual source from one of these theories only. References Akram, M, Faheem, FA, Dost, MKB Abdullah, I 2011, Globalization and its Impacts on the World Economic Development, International Journal of Business and Social Science, vol. 2, no.23, pp. 291-297 Berman, E Machin, S 2000, Skill-biased Technology Transfer around the World, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Vol.16 No 2, pp.12-22. Dombusch, R, Fischer, S Startz, R 2012.Macroeconomics, McGraw Hill Publications, New York Hamdi, FM 2013, The Impact of Globalization in the Developing Countries, Development Country Studies, Vol. 3 No. 11, pp.141-143 Hartungi, B 2006, Could developing countries take the benefit of globalisation?,International Journal of Social Economics, Vol. 33 No. 11, pp.728 743 Krugman, P Wells, R 2012. Macroeconomics, Worth Publishers, London Mankiw, G 2012. Principles of Macroeconomics, Cengage Learning, London McConnell, C, Brue, S Flynn, S 2014. Macroeconomics: Principles, Problems, Policies, McGraw Hill/Irwin Publications, New York Redding, S 1999, Globalisation,Economic Review, Vol. 17 No. 2, pp.16à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 19, Rodrik, D 2002, Globalization for whom?,Harvard Magazine, Vol. 104 No. 6, pp. 27-32 Stiglitz, JE 2002, Globalism's Discontents,The American Prospect, Vol. 13 No. 1, pp.37-43 Weiss, J 2002,Industrialisation and Globalisation: Theory and Evidence from Developing Countries, Routledge,London.